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Relationship Between the Height of a Tank with Pipe Fittings and Efflux Time

Received: 29 September 2022     Accepted: 28 October 2022     Published: 10 November 2022
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Abstract

The problem of determining the efflux time for tanks of various sizes, shapes, and purposes has received significant attention by engineering literature. Models developed are typically situational, and prove useful in very specific scenarios. Few of these models however, take into consideration tanks with pipe fittings or some kind of tubing aligned. Traditional investigations focus on efflux times of tanks with open orifices, through the usage and manipulation of Torricelli’s law. This essay deals with tanks that are connected to pipes, and how the friction between the fluid and pipe walls impedes the usage of Torricelli’s law and requires more advanced models. The principal objective of this essay is to develop a model that describes the efflux time of tanks with pipe fittings by investigating its relationship with fluid velocity and flow rate. This includes usage of Bernoulli's Extended equations and undertaking the assumptions of pseudo-steady state flow. The computer software MATLAB will be used to develop the efflux time model and other complex differential equations. The model developed by the paper is then compared to other models in literature, in terms of accuracy of prediction. The most significant conclusion arrived at is that ignorance of minor losses advances the argument over its significance when dealing with the efflux of tanks, and must be considered in any new models in the future.

Published in Industrial Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ie.20220601.13
Page(s) 10-18
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tanks, Unsteady Flow, Exit Pipe, Continuity

References
[1] “Bernoulli’s Equation | Engineering Library.” Engineeringlibrary.org, 2019, engineeringlibrary.org/reference/bernoullis-equation-fluid-flow-doe-handbook. Accessed 18 Apr. 2022.
[2] ÇengelYunus A, and John M Cimbala. Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications. Singapore, Mcgraw-Hill Education, 2020, pp. 203, 209.
[3] David, Homer. “Continuity Equation,” IB Physics Course Companion, 2014. Accessed 24 Apr. 2022.
[4] Fournier, Ronald L. Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering. Boca Raton, Crc Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
[5] Glasgow, Larry. EFFLUX TIME for a CYLINDRICAL TANK.
[6] Joye, Donald D., and Branden C. Barrett. “The Tank Drainage Problem Revisited: Do These Equations Actually Work?” The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 81, no. 5, 19 May 2008, pp. 1052–1057, 10.1002/cjce.5450810516. Accessed 19 Mar. 2022.
[7] “Kinetic Energy Correction Factor: Meaning, Formula, for Laminar Flow [with Pdf] - Mech Content.” Mech Content, 27 Nov. 2021, mechcontent.com/kinetic-energy-correction-factor/. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022.
[8] Nguyen, T. K. Transport I (CHE 311 Course Notes), Chemical and Materials Engineering. Vol. 1, Cal Poly Pomona, 2004, pp. 140, 141.
[9] “Pressure.” Gsu.edu, 2022, hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pber.html. Accessed 9 Mar. 2022.
[10] Serway, Raymond A, et al. Holt McDougal Physics. Orlando, Fla., Holt Mcdougal, 2012.
[11] Sianoudis, I A, and E Drakaki. “An Approach to Poiseuille’s Law in an Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment.” European Journal of Physics, vol. 29, no. 3, 14 Mar. 2008, pp. 489–495, 10.1088/0143-0807/29/3/009. Accessed 21 Feb. 2020.
[12] The Tank Drainage Problem Revisited: Do These Equations Actually Work? Loiacono, N. J., “Time to Drain a Tank with Piping”, Chemical Engineering 94 (11), 164–166, August (1987).
[13] Wilson, Harvey. “Pressure Drop in Pipe Fittings and Valves | Equivalent Length and Resistance Coefficient.” Www.katmarsoftware.com, Oct. 2012, www.katmarsoftware.com/articles/pipe-fitting-pressure-drop.htm#equivlen. Accessed 27 May 2022.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mehdi Khfifi. (2022). Relationship Between the Height of a Tank with Pipe Fittings and Efflux Time. Industrial Engineering, 6(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ie.20220601.13

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    ACS Style

    Mehdi Khfifi. Relationship Between the Height of a Tank with Pipe Fittings and Efflux Time. Ind. Eng. 2022, 6(1), 10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ie.20220601.13

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    AMA Style

    Mehdi Khfifi. Relationship Between the Height of a Tank with Pipe Fittings and Efflux Time. Ind Eng. 2022;6(1):10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ie.20220601.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ie.20220601.13,
      author = {Mehdi Khfifi},
      title = {Relationship Between the Height of a Tank with Pipe Fittings and Efflux Time},
      journal = {Industrial Engineering},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {10-18},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ie.20220601.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ie.20220601.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ie.20220601.13},
      abstract = {The problem of determining the efflux time for tanks of various sizes, shapes, and purposes has received significant attention by engineering literature. Models developed are typically situational, and prove useful in very specific scenarios. Few of these models however, take into consideration tanks with pipe fittings or some kind of tubing aligned. Traditional investigations focus on efflux times of tanks with open orifices, through the usage and manipulation of Torricelli’s law. This essay deals with tanks that are connected to pipes, and how the friction between the fluid and pipe walls impedes the usage of Torricelli’s law and requires more advanced models. The principal objective of this essay is to develop a model that describes the efflux time of tanks with pipe fittings by investigating its relationship with fluid velocity and flow rate. This includes usage of Bernoulli's Extended equations and undertaking the assumptions of pseudo-steady state flow. The computer software MATLAB will be used to develop the efflux time model and other complex differential equations. The model developed by the paper is then compared to other models in literature, in terms of accuracy of prediction. The most significant conclusion arrived at is that ignorance of minor losses advances the argument over its significance when dealing with the efflux of tanks, and must be considered in any new models in the future.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    AB  - The problem of determining the efflux time for tanks of various sizes, shapes, and purposes has received significant attention by engineering literature. Models developed are typically situational, and prove useful in very specific scenarios. Few of these models however, take into consideration tanks with pipe fittings or some kind of tubing aligned. Traditional investigations focus on efflux times of tanks with open orifices, through the usage and manipulation of Torricelli’s law. This essay deals with tanks that are connected to pipes, and how the friction between the fluid and pipe walls impedes the usage of Torricelli’s law and requires more advanced models. The principal objective of this essay is to develop a model that describes the efflux time of tanks with pipe fittings by investigating its relationship with fluid velocity and flow rate. This includes usage of Bernoulli's Extended equations and undertaking the assumptions of pseudo-steady state flow. The computer software MATLAB will be used to develop the efflux time model and other complex differential equations. The model developed by the paper is then compared to other models in literature, in terms of accuracy of prediction. The most significant conclusion arrived at is that ignorance of minor losses advances the argument over its significance when dealing with the efflux of tanks, and must be considered in any new models in the future.
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Author Information
  • Department of Engineering, American International School of Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia

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